The life and death of a superstar bear

2011-03-22 15:21:23

22 March 2011 Last updated at 13:55 Share this page Delicious Digg Facebook reddit StumbleUpon Twitter Email Print Knut: A polar bear story   Continue reading the main story In today's Magazine The time Britain slid into chaos 7 days quiz Does the Queen do fashion? 10 of your Vidal Sassoon cuts

The death of Knut, the world's most famous polar bear, has reopened the debate on the ethical minefield of man's relationship with wild animals. So should polar bears be kept in zoos, asks Tom de Castella.

Knut was born in Berlin Zoo in December 2006. Rejected by his mother, he was put in an incubator and brought up by humans.

His abandonment, cute looks and close relationship with the charismatic zookeeper Thomas Doerflein, turned him into a huge star. He became an environmental symbol, acting as a mascot for the German government's campaign against climate change and being superimposed into a photograph with Leonardo DiCaprio for Vanity Fair's Green Issue in May 2007.

But news of his premature death at the weekend has spurred on those who question both the way Knut was treated and the very fact polar bears are in zoos at all.

While polar bears can live to 30 years old, Knut was only four years and three months when he died. A post-mortem examination suggested the cause of death was brain damage, but already there have been accusations from animal rights groups.

Continue reading the main story Knut's life 2006: Born at Berlin zoo to 20-year-old mother Tosca Rejected by mother and hand-reared by keeper Thomas Doerflein March 2007: Debate about whether Knut should have been killed intensifies public affection 2008: Doerflein dies of heart attack, aged 44 2011: Knut dies Bear Knut 'died of brain damage'

From the word go, Knut's life was controversial. Shortly after his birth, the German media reported that an animal rights campaigner was calling for him to be put down rather than brought up by humans. It prompted a huge groundswell of sympathy for the bear, which never went away.

For Andrew Linzey, director of the Oxford Centre for Animal Ethics, it is a tragic tale from start to finish.

"Frankly, it would have been better for Knut not to have existed at all than live such a miserable life."

Those who questioned the implications of Knut's hand-rearing have suggested he suffered inevitable behavioural problems as a result both of his treatment and the crowds at the zoo.

But Linzey, author of Why Animal Suffering Matters, believes the issue is not whether the zoo was right to hand rear Knut. Once the cub was born, the management had a duty to hand rear him because a zoo is an artificial, "controlled environment".

The fundamental problem is wild animals being kept in captivity at all, he argues. "Zoos impose unnatural lives on most of their captives. People just see a cuddly bear and they want to gawk at him, but what they should see is an animal deprived of its natural life, exhibited for entertainment and profit."

Continue reading the main story Polar bears in the wild Born deaf and blind beneath the snow Adults spend most of their lives alone Polar bears use keen sense of smell to track blubber-rich prey, and are strong swimmers Watch polar bears in BBC wildlife clips

And profit became a big part of Knut's short life. In 2007 alone Berlin Zoo made an estimated five million euros through increased ticket and merchandising sales. Hundreds of fluffy white toys were sold every day across the city, newspapers offered Knut figurines for 148 Euros and in 2008 a movie, Knut and His Friends, opened in cinemas across Germany.

Knut's life was about celebrity rather than natural history, says Ian Redmond, a consultant to the Born Free Foundation's polar bear project in Canada.

"It does seem to highlight the dichotomy of people who love this one polar bear in particular and those who care about polar bears right across the species."

He sees little point in keeping large powerful animals in captivity. Not only do they lead "unfulfilled lives", but bears bred in zoos cannot be reintroduced to the wild as they lose the skills necessary to survive.

And those creatures bred in zoos become less and less like the wild animals we admire from natural history programmes, majestically leaping from ice floe to ice floe.

"As you breed in zoos down the generations you're getting further and further away from polar bear behaviour in the wild," argues Redmond. "You might be breeding out the traits that allow it to survive in the wild. What's the point? If you want cute cuddly bears for merchandising then that's a commodity."

In Knut's case critics suggested he had developed odd behavioural traits and had come to find the presence of the crowds necessary.

In recent years all but one British zoo has stopped keeping polar bears, a decision Redmond urges Berlin to follow.

Please turn on JavaScript. Media requires JavaScript to play.

//

Source: